Carey (26) (1997) 97 A Crim R 552 (VSCA) | Import | 2kg | PG | insignificant | 8y NPP 5y 6m | AA 6y NPP 3y 6m | English national carried drugs in suitcase. At home living in near poverty and tempted by offer of financial reward. Courier. Assistance to police – successful controlled delivery. |
Bowers (1997) 97 A Crim R 461 NSWCCA | Import | 7,000 tablets 719g | PG | nil | 8y 6m NPP 4y 6m | AD Errors made but sentence appropriate | Drugs strapped to waist. Needed the money. |
Thorp (27) WASCA 5.11.1997 | Conspiracy to import | 804g on last shipment | PG | Nil drug offences | 16y NPP 8y | AD | At least 4 shipments involved – arranged importation through couriers Approximate starting point of 18y not excessive |
Behar NSWCCA 14.10.1998 | Import | 1.231kg | PG | nil | 6y NPP 18m (50% assistance) | Crown AA 6y NPP 2y 6m | Courier with exceptional background. Became involved with drugs through the Orange People. Now disavowed involvement with the sect. |
Soonius NSWCCA 29.5.1998 | Import | 3.340kg | VG | | 11y NPP 6y (discount for assistance) | AA 9y NPP 5y 3m | Hidden in suitcase. Sentenced as courier. Suffering psychiatric condition at time of offence - vulnerable. |
Budiman (1998) 102 A Crim R 411 NSWCCA | Knowingly concerned in importation | 591.6g | VG | nil | 8y 3m NPP 6y 3m | AD | Tablets found in speakers imported to A. Controlled delivery to A at hotel. Courier from Indonesia. |
Slatinec [1999] NSWCCA 2 | Knowingly concerned in import Supply large commercial qty | 1214g | PG | | 9y NPP 6y (4y 6m concurrent) | AA 8y NPP 5y (reduced from 13y NPP 9y For assistance) | Involved in importation of MBDB – not at lower end of involvement – above courier |
Power [1999] NSWCCA 25 | Possess prohibited import | 1056.5g | PG | | 9y NPP 5y 6m | AD | Arranged to pick up delivery of suitcases containing drug from co-offender who had brought suitcases from Holland. Co-offender arrested and agreed to controlled delivery Held on appeal that SJ did not err in finding A was more than a mere courier and was middleman. No justifiable sense of grievance re sentence of co-offender |
Diefenbach (1999) 108 A Crim R 19 WASCA Co-offenders: PUNEVSKI (2000) RUVINOVSKI (2000) MUSTAFA (2001) | Import | 562.3g | PG | Nil | 12y NPP 6y | AA 10y NPP 5y (Parity) | Female - Brought in drugs hidden on body with 3 others – Recruited and advised other couriers |
Camus [1999] NSWCCA 425 | Possess prohibited import | 736.5g | PG | | 8y NPP 5y | Crown AA 10y NPP 6y | Recruited by man in Bali to find customers for tablets. Picked up tablets from Melbourne and sought to sell drugs in Sydney. Management level. Supplied some drugs to dealers before arrested. Motivated by greed - to earn $40,000. Objective criminality high. |
MacGregor (23) (2000) 120 A Crim R 24 NSWCCA | Attempt possess Possess ecstasy Supply ecstasy Proceeds of crime | 657.3g | PG | nil | 9y NPP 6y (other sentences concurrent) | AA 8y NPP 5y | German national carried drugs in strapped to thighs – controlled delivery to appellant – found in possession of $67,750 and 2.16g ecstasy – motivated by financial gain Good prospects of rehabilitation |
Ruvinovski (2000) 116 A Crim R 131 WASCA Punevski (2000) 116 A Crim R 146 WASCA Co-offenders:
DIENFENBACH (1999) MUSTAFA (2001) | Attempt possess Attempt possess | 513g | VG VG | Nil significant | 13y NPP 8y 13y NPP 8y | AA 13y NPP 6y 8m 13y NPP 6y 8m | Involved in importation of over 2kg (pure) drug through four couriers – attempted to collect drugs from one courier - collectors |
Rocco [2001] NSWCCA 124 | Knowingly concerned in importation | 4.027kg | VG | | 13y NPP 9y | AD | Involved in importing drug in water pump consignment – Male. South African. No disparity with co-offender who pleaded guilty. |
Tan (41) [2001] NSWCCA 219 | Import | 736g | PG | nil | 7y NPP 4y 6m | AD | Mere courier found with tablets taped to body. Isolation in custody - custody of two teenage children - needed money for ill mother. |
Mustafa [2001] WASCA 192 (2002) 133 A Crim R 133 WASCA (2002) 136 A Crim R 570 WASCA Co-offenders: PUNEVSKI (2000) RUVINOVSKI (2000) DIEFENBACH (1999) | Attempt possess | 513g | PG (25% plea and personal factors) | Nil | 12y NPP 7y | AA 12y NPP 6y AA 10y 6m NPP 5y 6m AD | One of 7 offenders – drugs brought into Australia by 4 couriers – recruited to assist in collecting drugs from couriers – minor role Original appeal to CA saw reduction in NPP only – Successful appeal to HCA meant matter returned to CA and sentence reduced - Final appeal to CA found mathematical error but no lesser sentence warranted |
Efendi (39) (2001) 125 A Crim R 487 NSWCCA | Import Import traff qty methylamphet | 0.8kg ecstasy 10.7g methylamphet | VG | Nil | 10y NPP 6y (5y concurrent) | AD | Indonesian national imported drugs concealed in exercise machine - courier |
Tan [2001] NSWCCA 438 | Possess prohibited import | 6.15kg | PG (20%) | nil | 15y NPP 9y (JIRS summary) | AD | Arrested following AFP investigation of Singapore/Chinese syndicate. Suitcase containing drugs found during search of A's premises. Financial motive Married - one child. |
Chua [2001] WASCA 353 | Knowingly concerned in import | 6.2kg | PG (25% on appeal) | Nil | 16y NPP 8y | AA 13y 6m NPP 6y 9m | Collected drugs from boat docked at Broome and drove to Alice Springs – At least a major courier Illegal immigrant – Insufficient discount for guilty plea |
Van der Aar (45) (2001) 124 A Crim R 115 VSCA | Import | 697.3g | PG | | 7y NPP 4y 6m | AD | Drugs sent in package containing machinery – with co-offenders collected boxes and arrested in act of opening machinery – sophisticated and well planned operation – active participant |
X (35) Y (59) (2002) 130 A Crim R 153 NSWCCA | 2 x Consp import 2 x Consp import | 7.1648kg Cocaine 24.4889kg Ecstasy | PG (58% assist) | Old but serious offence of import heroin nil | 7y 6m NPP 5y (concurrent) 5y NPP 3y (concurrent) | Crown AA 10y NPP 5y 7y NPP 3y | Conspiracy extended over 6 months – travelled to Europe to arrange for importation of drugs concealed in hydraulic rams – packed drugs themselves then monitored progress – picked up rams upon arrival in Sydney – controlled delivery X recruited Y – not a principal but significant organisations responsibilities Y – role less than X but still active and important contribution |
Guiu (2002) 129 A Crim R 387 NSWCCA | Attempt obtain possession | 10,000 tablets - 1.102kg | PG | nil | 8y NPP 5y 3m | AA 6y NPP 3y 9m | Arrested after arriving to collect suitcase of 'drugs' at hotel under police surveillance. Two co-offenders including husband for whom drugs were collected. SJ erred in assessment of role of applicant as more culpable than merely collecting drugs. Necessity for sentence to relate to offence charged, and for evidence to support more culpable role. |
Grimwood (41) [2002] WASCA 135 | Import | 1.4kg | PG (22% plea and mitigating factors) | Nil | 14y NPP 7y | AD | British – claimed sole involvement for commercial gain – high level of involvement Pleaded guilty on fast track |
Tyler (30) [2002] NSWCCA 272 | Import Sched: Passport offence | 947.6g | PG (20% on appeal – plea and mitigating factors) | minor | 7y 6m NPP 4y 6m | AA 6y NPP 3y 3m | Female - Imported tablets in luggage. Good prospects of rehabilitation |
Woolery [2002] NSWCCA 299 | Import | 1570.2g (30% pure) | PG (25% plea and assist) | | 7y 6m
NPP 4y 6m | AD | Imported powder strapped to back Assistance to authorities |
Lim Yeung [2002] NSWCCA 293 | Possess prohibited import | 46,000 tablets - 6.15kg | VG VG | | 9y NPP 5y 4m 9y NPP 5y 4m | Conviction AD Conviction AD Sentence AD | Found in possession of $40,000 – drugs found in premises appellants travelling to. |
Togias (21) (2002) 132 A Crim R 573 NSWCCA | Import | 967.5g | PG | nil | 5y GBB | Crown AD | Female - Imported drugs from Bali - Courier - Subsequent to offence gave birth to daughter - Evidence suggested delay in assessment of respondent for mother/daughter facilities in gaol - Separation could cause psychological harm to child - Originally given recognisance and sent back by CCA for re-sentence |
Leung (36) (2002) 134 A Crim R 187 NSWSC | Knowingly concerned import heroin Knowingly concerned import ecstasy | 10.7kg - heroin 51.47kg - ecstasy | VG | Nil | Ecstasy: 14y Heroin: 18y Total: 20y NPP 14y | | Drugs imported from China hidden in cans of pineapple – took delivery of drugs and stored them in storage unit – controlled delivery – significant role as middleman |
Niketic [2002] NSWCCA 425 | Import | 1.19kg | PG (15%) | | 7y 6m NPP 4y 6m | AD | Imported tablets from Bali for $10,000. |
Schofield (2003) 138 A Crim R 19 NSWCCA | Attempt obtain possession Sched: 2 drug offences | 2.0979kg 60.2g 74.8g | PG | on parole for mal wound | 2y 6m NPP 18m | Crown AA 5y NPP 3y | Driver for associates picking up drugs secreted in automotive transmission Discount for assistance Includes table and summary of similar cases. |
Soh [2003] WASCA 29 | 2 x Knowingly concerned in import | Not stated | VG | | 14y NPP 7y | AD | Slightly above courier – not clear from judgment if commercial quantity – assumed from length of sentence |
De Groot Van Embden (38) (2003) 140 A Crim R 403 NSWCCA | Attempt obtain possess | 16.5kg | PG (65% plea and assist) | Not stated | 12y NPP 8y | AA 12y NPP 7y | Principal Australian organiser of Dutch syndicate arranging importation of drugs into Australia – to pick up and arrange sale of drugs Dutch citizen – father of four – significant assistance to authorities – family in witness protection – protection and isolation in gaol – anxiety for family |
Simon (37) (2003) 142 A Crim R 166 NSWCCA | Import | 921.4g | PG (20% on appeal) | Nil | 6y NPP 3y 6m | AA 4y 6m NPP 2y 6m | Courier – Imported drugs in body bags – Carefully planned – Expected financial reward American – Financial difficulties – Out of character – Health problems – Evidence of rehabilitation – Insufficient discount for guilty plea |
Cant [2003] NT CCA 5 | Knowingly concerned in import | | VG | | 14y 8m (partially cumulative to existing sentence) | AA 14y NPP 8y 6m | Organised importation of tablets in steel cylinder. Unpacked drugs and gave them to courier for delivery – advised courier 110,000 – 112,000 tablets in importation Subsequent to sentencing conviction from earlier sentence quashed |
Evans [2003] WASCA 194 | Import | 686.3g | VG | | 14y NPP 7y 6m | AD | Drugs imported in luggage |
Shepherd (44) (2003) 142 A Crim R 101 NSWCCA Co-Offender: PRASAD (2004) El HANI (2004) L. SUKKAR (2005) J. SUKKAR (2006) S. SUKKAR (2005) CHOI (2007) | Knowingly concerned in import | 34.401kg | PG (45% on appeal for plea and assist) | Nil relevant | 14y NPP 9y | AA 11y 6m NPP 7y 4m (assistance) | Tablets hidden in freezer panels in packing crates on shipping container imported from Holland – Assisted by arranging importation documents and delivery to warehouse Assistance |
Balogun [2004] NSWCCA 72 | Attempt obtain possession | 1.323kg | VG | Not stated | 8y NPP 5y | AD | Internal courier – picking up package containing drugs |
El Hani [2004] NSWCCA 162 Co-Offender: SHEPHERD (2003) PRASAD (2004) L. SUKKAR (2005) J. SUKKAR (2006) S. SUKKAR (2005) CHOI (2007) | Knowingly concerned in importation | 34.401kg | PG (25% plea and assist) | Not stated | 15y NPP 10y | AD | Involved in importation of tablets in freezer panels – Senior person playing important managerial role Some assistance |
B (22) [2004] WASCA 1 | Aiding, abetting or procuring import | 2.45kg (pure) | PG | Nil | 7y NPP 3y 6m | Crown AD | Israeli attempting to eliminate drug debt – role was to monitor courier and report back |
Prasad (2004) 147 A Crim R 385 NSWCCA Co-Offender: SHEPHERD (2003) El HANI (2004) L. SUKKAR (2005) J. SUKKAR (2006) S. SUKKAR (2005) CHOI (2007) | Knowingly concerned import | 34.401kg | PG | | 14y NPP 8y 8m | Crown AD (exercise of discretion) | Drugs imported in freezer equipment – Active and important role arranging clearing and collection of drugs – Involved because of financial equipment |
Studenikin (25) (2004) 147 A Crim R 1 NSWCCA | Import comm. Make false statement on entry to Australia | 3.2786kg | PG | Fraud | 12y NPP 7y (concurrent sentence) | AA 10y 6m NPP 7y | POST 16G REPEAL Russian entered Australia with drugs hidden in suitcase Remorse – reasonable prospects of rehabilitation |
Kevenaar (23) Dedoes (22) Pan (22) (2004) 148 A Crim R 155 NSWCCA | Attempt posses | 5.9877kg | PG (40% plea and assist on appeal) PG (35% plea and assist on appeal) PG (20% plea and assist on appeal) | Minor Minor | 3y NPP 21.5m 4y NPP 28.5m 6y 6m NPP 43.5m | Crown AA 7y NPP 4y 6m 7y 9m NPP 5y 11y NPP 7y | POST 16G REPEAL Dutch nationals sent to Australia to collect drugs – Less than middlemen – JP more involved than other two offenders Some contrition and mitigating circumstances in background - Assistance |
Neale (57) (2004) 148 A Crim R 493 NSWCCA | Knowingly concerned in import | 52.33kg | VG | Dishonesty offences only | Life NPP 21y | AA Life NPP 15y | Drugs imported in cases of wine bottles Non-parole period reduced only because of age of applicant |
Johnson [2004] WASCA 207 | Attempt poss Attempt poss trafficable cocaine | 805.2g 131.7g | PG | | 11y 6m NPP 5y 6m | AA 9y NPP 4y 6m | Drugs brought into Australia from Indonesia strapped to body of courier – Controlled delivery - Paid to collect drugs and pass them on |
J (59) H (52) (2005) 152 A Crim R 152 NSWCCA | Attempt possess | 16.5 kg | PG (40% plea and assist on appeal) PG (18% on appeal) | Numerous - 15y for heroin importation 7y for heroin importation tion | 7y 6m NPP 4y 7y NPP 3y 9m | Crown AA 9y 6m NPP 5y 9m Crown AA 9y NPP 5y 3m | POST 16G REPEAL Attempted to pick up consignment of ecstasy with street value of $9M – controlled delivery – subordinate to co-offenders - J recruited 2 days before arrest – H only learnt that drugs involved on day of offence – part of large Dutch syndicate J: reformed since release – health problems – PTSD H: remorse – depression |
S. Sukkar [2005] NSWCCA 54 Co-accused: PRASAD (2004) SHEPHERD (2003) El HANI (2004) L. SUKKAR (2005) J. SUKKAR (2006) CHOI (2007) | Knowingly concerned | 34.401 kg | VG | | 14y NPP 9y | Crown AD Sentence AD | POST 16G REPEAL Drugs imported in freezer equipment - brother involved as principal–– acting in pre-concert Practising solicitor – good character |
Millerat (25) [2005] NSWCCA 142 | Import | 2.0259kg | PG (25%) | Nil | 5y 6m NPP 2y 9m | Crown AA 9y NPP 4y 6m | POST 16G REPEAL French woman paid to bring in drugs from Holland – drug addict suffering severe depression |
DPP v Inbar (23) [2005] VSCA 116 | Aid and abet import 2 x possess import | 19kg+ 0.12g 28.8g | PG | Nil | 5y 6m NPP 3y 3m | Crown AA 7y 6m NPP 5y | Israeli citizen – drugs imported from Holland concealed in crates carrying chandeliers – not a principal – critical role in clearing drugs through customs – used false identities and documentation – LSD and ecstasy powder found in own room for personal use Drug addiction – isolation in custody |
C.A.S. (31) (2005) 160 A Crim R 451 NSWCCA Co-offender:
NP (2008) | Aid and Abet importation | 136.913kg | PG (50% overall discount) | Nil | 8y NPP 5y | AD | POST 16G REPEAL Company customs clerk arranged customs clearance for drugs imported in freezers – Provided advice – Junior but important role Element of duress – No financial gain – High order assistance |
L. Sukkar [2005] NSWCCA 55 Co-accused: SHEPHERD (2003) PRASAD (2004) El HANI (2004) J. SUKKAR (2006) S. SUKKAR (2005) CHOI (2007) | Knowingly concerned | 34.401 kg | PG (25% plea and assist) | Nil | 18y NPP 12y | AD | POST 16G REPEAL Drugs imported in freezer equipment – co-principal and partner with brother |
Nguyen Pham Vu To (2005) 157 A Crim R 80 NSWCCA | Knowingly concerned in import Knowingly concerned in import traff. heroin Import Knowingly concerned in import traff. heroin Knowingly concerned in import traff. Heroin Knowingly concerned in import traff methylamphet Convey comm. ecstasy Possess | 50.702kg ecstasy 477.8g heroin 38.1g heroin 10.4g methylamphet | PG PG PG PG | No priors No priors Prior drug conviction | 25y NPP 18y Life NPP 25y 12y NPP 8y Life NPP 20y | AA 22y NPP 16y 6m AA 28y NPP 18y AA 9y NPP 6y 3m AA 22y NPP 16y | POST 16G REPEAL All involved in importation of 50.702kg ecstasy secreted in tiles N and P involved in importation of 477.8g pure heroin in liquor bottle V involved in importation of 38.1g heroin and 10.4g pure methylamphetamines in letters N – female – High level involvement – Experienced drug trafficker P – Male – Principal V – Male – Local courier – Lowest level of culpability T – Male - |
Moore (50) [2005] NSWCCA 212 | Possess prohibited import | 92.442kg | PG (25% plea and assist) | | 20y NPP 15y | AD | POST 16G REPEAL Part of agreement to take possession of 980,000 tablets – leased premises and took delivery of drugs – senior and trusted member Limited assistance |
Minniti (2006) 159 A Crim R 394 NSWCCA | Attempt possess prohibited import | 20kg | VG | Nil | 12y NPP 8y | AD | POST 16G REPEAL Ecstasy imported from Belgium in machinery - Minor but willing assistance – no financial reward Good character |
J. Sukkar (44) (2006) 172 A Crim R 151 NSWCCA Co-accused: SHEPHERD (2003) PRASAD (2004) El HANI (2004) L. SUKKAR (2005) S. SUKKAR (2005) CHOI (2007) | Knowingly concerned in import | 34.4g | PG (35% plea and assist on appeal) | Prior convictions for importing hashish oil | 13y 3m NPP 8y 6m | Crown AD 20y NPP 12y | POST 16G REPEAL Drugs imported in freezer equipment – Principal Assistance in relation to Netherlands associates – Delay |
Z (2006) 167 A Crim R 436 NSWCCA | Possess prohibited import Money laundering offence | 16.86kg | PG (50% plea and assist on appeal) | | 5y 2m NPP 2y 7m (2y concurrent) | Crown AA 8y NPP 4y (2y partially cumulative) Total sentence: 9y NPP 5y | POST 16G REPEAL Israeli national travelled to Australia to assist international crime syndicate transfer money out of Australia – took delivery of Ecstasy tablets Suffering PTSD and depression from suicide bomb in Israel – assistance to authorities (co-offender Kauwenberghs (2008) 186 A Crim R 197 also dealt with for 3 supplies of commercial quantity of ecstasy) |
Tsay [2006] QCA 423 | Knowingly concerned import Knowingly concerned import traff methamphet | 616g - Ecstasy 26.2kg - Meth 123.7kg - Meth | PG | | 14y NPP 10y | AD | Assisted in organised importation of drugs by boat by two co-offenders Note: although the amount of methylamphetamine far exceeds the ecstasy the Customs Act contained no commercial amount for methylamphetamine until 9.12.2004, a date after this offence was committed. |
Adams [2007] VSCA 37 [2008] HCA 15 | Possess | 8.916kg | VG | Minor drug offences in America | 9y NPP 7y | AD HCA AD | American citizen - Drugs imported hidden in containers – Appellant sent to Australia to locate container and extract drugs – significant role – more than mere courier |
Choi [2007] NSWCCA 150 Co-accused: SHEPHERD (2003) PRASAD (2004) El HANI (2004) L. SUKKAR (2005) J. SUKKAR (2006) S. SUKKAR (2005) | Knowingly concerned in importation | 34.4kg | VG | | 20y NPP 13y | AD | POST 16G REPEAL Drugs imported in freezer equipment – Arranged importation – senior to S.Sukkar, Prasad , Shepherd and El Hani – sub-ordinate to L and J Sukkar Granted s.16G discount |
Mauceri [2007] NSWCCA 262 | Conspiracy import | 56.5kg | PG (50% plea and assist) | Nil | 8y NPP 5y | AD | POST 16G REPEAL Drugs imported in container of furniture – significant role in importation arrangements – motivated by financial hardship. Assistance to authorities. |
Alchikh [2007] NSWCCA 345 | Conspiracy import | 10.44kg | PG (33.3% plea and assist) | | 12y NPP 7y 3m | AD | POST 16G REPEAL Drugs hidden in refrigerators in consignment from UK – 164,462 tablets – retail value $11.4 million – Managerial role. |
NP [2008] NSWCCA 205 Co-offender: C.A.S. (2005) | Conspiracy import | 136.913kg | PG (50% plea and assist) | Nil | 11y NPP 7y | AD | POST 16G REPEAL Part of conspiracy to import drugs concealed in freezer units imported from Malaysia – middleman facilitating contact between members in Sydney Out of character – evidence against co-offender – psychological problems – troubled family history |
Keung Bow Liu (2008) 191 A Crim R 317 NSWCCA | Conspiracy to import | 234.9kg | VG | | Life NPP 18y 24y NPP 16y 21y NPP 14y | Conviction AD | POST 16G REPEAL Drugs imported from Netherlands concealed in pastry |
DPP v Aisbett (40) DPP v Giampaolo (56) [2009] VSCA 172 | Att possess | 500kg | VG | Lengthy record Record including drug offences | 6y NPP 4y | Crown AD | Secreted in tiles imported from Italy – controlled delivery - collected tiles from warehouse and started unpacking – recruited days before to unpack tiles only – unaware of quantity of drugs |
El Jalkh [2011] NSWCCA 236 | Conspiracy to import | 4.3721kg | PG | Nil | 10y NPP 5y 3m | AD | POST 16G REPEAL Involved in conspiracy to import drugs from Europe and Middle East through shoe importer – flew overseas to make further arrangements – drugs obtained by co-offender seized in Italy – a principal but not the driving force Medical condition |
King [2012] NSWCCA 185 | Conspiracy to import | 165,000 tablets – 32kg | PG (25% plea and assist) | Lengthy. UK conviction for conspiracy supply drugs. | 16y NPP 10y | AD | POST 16G REPEAL UK syndicate – drugs imported inside refrigerators – key organiser or very senior member. Arrested in 2003 – delay due to A contesting extradition proceedings. |
Balloey (51) [2014] NSWCCA 165 | Attempt Possess | 87.44kg | PG
(15%) | Record – no drugs | 24y NPP 16y | AA 19y NPP 13y | POST 16G REPEAL Part of drug distribution group who came to Australia to distribute drugs – drugs imported in agricultural machinery – appellant provided machinery and supervised loading – unpacked drugs in Australia – 10% reduction for element of coercion Belgian national – isolation from family |
| Kinch (57 at sentence) [2015] NSWSC 63 Hidden J | Consp import s.233B(1)(cb) Consp import ss.233B(1)(b) / 11.5 Money Laundering Consp import pseudoephedrine ss.307.11 / 11.5 | At least 200kg 300kg | PG (30%- plea and assist PG 20% - plea and assist | Record in England – burglary and robbery – no drugs | 22y 6m 7y (partly cumulative) 14y 6m NPP 10y (concurrent) Total: 24y 6m NPP 16y | | POST 16G REPEAL 2001-2003 – two charges part of one conspiracy reflecting change in legislation – involved with Dutch syndicate – drugs imported on several occasions in PVC piping – senior and trusted member – supervisor of others – collected large amounts of money and sent it overseas 2006-2008 – became involved with senior police officer Standen – together conspired to import pseudoephedrine – principal Old offences – spent 4y 5m in difficult custodial conditions in Thailand – troubled upbringing |